Objective: To investigate and analysis of the current cognition status of surgical nurses’ anesthesia-related knowledge in a certain hospital at the level of grade Ⅲ class A in Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for perianesthesia nursing management. Methods: Using questionnaires, 330 nurses from 12 surgical departments were investigated with their informed consent. Questionnaire was self-designed based on the literature review combined with the perianesthesia care and the validity is 0.90, reliability is 0.81 ~ 0.92. Result: Both the questionnaire recycling and efficiency are 98.18%. The scores of 324 surgical nurses’ anesthesia-related knowledge were 32±14, followed by pre-anesthetic preparation 54±29, nursing care31±18 and basic conception 18±30. When the knowledge scores were further analyzed by nurses’ background characteristics based on one-way analysis of variance, significant difference was found among nurses in terms of education degree, title ,age, work years, departments, course training (P<0.05).While multiple regression analysis revealed that age, departments, accepted anesthesia-related course training were principal factors influencing the cognitive status of anesthesia-related knowledge, which can explain 35.6% of the total variance Conclusion: In order to improve the cognitive level and the ability of participating in perianesthesia care, Surgical nurses must be trained with the anesthesia theory and skills according to their department, qualification and educated experience etc. They must be trained systematically to ensure that they could provide more security and professional predictive care for perianesthesia patients.