Background　The application of dexmedetomidine(Dex), a highly selective α2 adrenoreceptor agonist, in children is still in the research stage. Ketamine, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, is a commonly used drug in pediatric anesthesia. Recently, some researchers have reported that combining use of Dex and ketamine in pediatric anesthesia has achieved significant clinical effects.　Objective　To review their combining use in pediatric anesthesia and provide further guidance in clinical practice.　Content　The article elucidates the pharmacokinetics of Dex and ketamine and their combination applying to invasive examination, pre-operation, intra-operation and difficult airway management.　Trend　A combination of Dex and ketamine in pediatric anesthesia will have a promising future.