Background　The proportion of obese people is rising. Obesity influences the normal physiological function, causing lots of problems in anesthesia, especially during one-lung ventilation(OLV).　Objective　To reduce the effect of one-lung ventilation on prognosis and decrease the incidence of perioperative respiratory complications in obese patients.　Content　To explore the ventilation strategies of OLV for obesity patients during perioperative period，including the choices of ventilation modes, protective ventilation strategy, hypercapnia , alveolar recruitment strategy and oxygen concentration selection.　Trend　Low tidal volume combined with positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP), intermittent alveolar recruitment and low to moderate FiO2 help to improve oxygenation and reduce the incidence of atelectasis in obese patients during one-lung ventilation. Whether hypercapnia has a lung proctive effect on patients without lung disease or not, it remains to be investigated.