Abstract： Objective To observe the effects of ulinastatin on the concentration of IL- 1、IL-6 and postoperative cognitive function to the patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease underwent interventional therapy, and to explore the cerebral protection effects of ulinastatin. Methods Fifty patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, 40-65 years old, body mass index 20-28, ASA class Ⅰ to Ⅲ, were randomly divided into group U and C (n=25) by the random number table method: Group U was given ulinastation 10000 U/kg before anesthesia, 5000 U/kg•d1 three days after operation (diluted to 100ml by normal saline)； group C was given 100ml of normal saline at the same time. To detect the concentration of IL-1and IL-6 in serum with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and to evaluate the cognitive function with the Mini-Mental State Exam scale on the preoperative day and 1th, 3th postoperative day. Results There was a significant decrease in the concentration of IL-1 and IL-6 in group U on the 1th(IL-1: 279±139.90ug/l VS 373±142.20ug/l；IL-6: 17±5.94ug/l VS 22±7.71ug/l), 3th(IL-1: 204±82.91ug/l VS 307±116.11ug/l；IL-6: 14±4.44ug/l VS 18±6.32ug/l) postoperative day compared with group C. The MMSE scole of group U was higer than the group C（28.5±0.96 VS 27.9±1.20 ) on the first day after operation. Conclusion Ulinastatin can not only reduce concentration of IL-1、IL-6 in serum but can also improve postoperative cognitive function in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease underwent interventional therapy.