Background: As taking the responsibility of providing clinical professionals, medical education should develop with the progress of modern medicine. Problem-based learning gradually gets worldwide popularity in the field of medical education since been raised. Objective: The aim of this review was to outline the advances of Problem-based learning and give inspiration for anesthesia teaching reform in China. Content: This article elaborates the current situation of anesthesia education in China, also expounds the emergence and development of Problem-based learning. Then we summarize the application of Problem-based learning in the teaching of clinical anesthesia in our country. Trend: Problem-based learning model still needs continuous improvement in the teaching of clinical anesthesia, combined with the current situation of education in China to maximize the advantages.