Abstract Objective To investigate the safety and effectivity of the bronchial blocker (BB) induced one lung ventilation（OLV） on neonateundergoingvideo-assisted thoracoscopicsugery(VATS). Method 60 neonates undergoing VATS were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Endobronchial Tubes group(A Group ) and BB group( B Group). SpO2, EtCO2, PaO2, PaCO2，lactic acid concentration and airway pressure of both groups on two lung ventilation（T0）, 10 mins after OLV（T1）, lung deflation achieved （T2）, 30mins（T3）and 60mins（T4）after lung deflation, 10mins after two lung ventilation resumed（T5）, 6hs （T6）and 12hs （T7）after operation were recorded. The intubation time，OLV time，time and quality of lung deflation，amount of bleeding, operation time， extubation time，length of stay in ICU, tube malposition and the damage to the airway were recorded．ResultA significant decline of SpO2and PaO2 from T1 to T4 were detected in both two groups（P<0.05）. A significant increase of EtCO2 , PaCO2 and airway pressure fromT1 to T4 were detected in both groups（P<0.05）, while a more significant increase was observed in A group. No significant difference was found on intubation time between the two groups（P>0.05）, well OLV time，time and quality of lung deflation，operation time，amount of bleeding, extubation time and length of stay in ICU were detected superior in B group compared with A group, but the incidence of tube malposition was significantly higher in B group（P<0.05）. Conclusion BB provide effective surgical exposure and sufficient ventilation for neonateundergoing VATS.