【Abstract】Background Arytenoid cartilage dislocation is a rare complication in perioperative period，which is characterized with vocal cords immobility. The common symptoms are hoarseness and dysphagia. It is easily misdiagnosed as vocal cord paralysis. Objective To help anesthetists and all the doctors who are engaged in the perioperative treatments get a good knowledge of this rare complication--arytenoid cartilage dislocation. Content This paper briefly describes the anatomical structure of arytenoid cartilage，the causes of arytenoid dislocation，and its mechanism，clinical manifestations，diagnosis，treatment and prognosis. Considering the popularity use of laryngeal mask，cases of arytenoid dislocation caused by laryngeal mask may increase. This paper also describes arytenoid dislocation caused by laryngeal mask separately. Trend Early detection and timely intervention of perioperative arytenoid cartilage dislocation usually leads to a good prognosis.