Background Perioperative stroke can be a catastrophic complication for surgical patients.Compared with patients without stroke,the length of hospital stay were significantly prolonged,the quality of life and survival rate obviously reduced,the prognosis is seriously worse. Objective This article aims to help clinical anesthesiologist will comprehensively understand perioperative stroke in noncardiovascular, nonneurosurgical surgery. Try to identify in advance patients at high risk and take corresponding measures to reduce the incidence of perioperative stroke. Content This article introduces the definition of perioperative stroke, risk factors, morbidity and mortality, mechanism, and perioperative management measures which the risk is reduced. Trend Further study will be still required to dissect the perioperative stroke, so that more high-risk patients can survive the perioperative stroke.