Background　Acute post-surgical pain(APSP) is a common complication following various surgeries, some of which return to normal instantly, while others will translate to chronic post-surgical pain(CPSP). The prevalence is variable, serious in some studies, and there are no effective preventive measures and therapy methods.　Objective　It is very important to reinforce the understanding of CPSP, to establish effective preventive measures, and to optimize the treatment methods treatment and improving the outcome.　Content　This review describes the prevalence, the risk factors, the preventive measures and the treatment methods of CPSP.　Trend　With the progress of the research on CPSP, optimization of the preventive measures and treatment methods will benefit the patients.