Background　Intraoperative hypotension（IOH）, a common side-effect of anesthesia and surgery, is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes, and therefore has been received more and more attention.　Objective　To review the effects of IOH to patients undergoing surgery, and to provide reference for clinical anesthesia management.　Content　IOH is a condition that mean arterial pressure is less than 20% of the normal level for at least 30 min. It causes myocardial injury, kidney dysfunction, stroke, and postoperative delirium. Additionally, IOH is also associated with the prognosis of patients, increasing the risk of postoperative complications in cardiovascular system, lung, and gastro-intestine, and elevating mortality one month and one year after surgery.　Trend　Systematic information should be collected to assist diagnosis and treatment of IOH. Mitigating IOH may be a promising strategy to prevent the reported complications and to reduce IOH-related mortality.