Background　Postoperative visual loss(POVL) after spine surgery performed with prone position is a rare but devastating postoperative complication. Patients have poor prognosis. This complication has been highly concerned by anesthesiology and its related subjects in recent years.　Objective　This paper reviews advances in researches on POVL after spinal surgery with prone position.　Content　The clinical profile，etiology and prevention measures of POVL after spinal surgery with prone position are introduced.　Trend　Further understanding the etiology of the POVL will help reduce postoperative ophthalmic complications after spinal surgery with prone position．