Background　Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belong to a nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, containing three family members: PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. PPARs play a critical physiological role in cell proliferation and differentiation, substance metabolism, energy homeostasis and inflammatory response. Recently, PPARα/PPARγ agonists were reported preventing the occurrence and development of hyperalgesia.　Objective　To investigate the role of PPARα/PPARγ in the occurrence and development of hyperalgesia.　Content　Reviewing the relationship between PPARα/PPARγ and hyperalgesia.　Trend　To provide new methods for prevention and treatment of hyperalgesia.