Objective To compare the renal function and prognosis between 6% hydroxyethyl starch(130/0.4) and 4% succinylated gelatin during posterior spinal orthopaedic surgery for patients of adolescent scoliosis. Methods 1019 medical cases of adolescent patients with scoliosis who had underwent posterior spinal orthopaedic surgery in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from November 2011 to October 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the types of colloids, patients were divided into two groups : hydroxyethyl starch(group H) and succinylated gelatin(group G). Patients’ demographic and perioperative information including sex, age, ASA grade, Body Mass Index(BMI), duration of operation, the volume of intraoperative fluid therapy, blood loss, postoperative drainage, the length of hospital stay(LOS) after surgery, perioperative blood transfusion and laboratory tests were collected and compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of acute kidney injury(AKI) in group H was higher than group G:0.08% (7/849) vs. 0.00%(0/170), but the difference was not statistically significant(P＜0.05); With regards to LOS after surgery , blood transfusion or postoperative drainage, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions There were no significant differences in incidence of AKI and prognosis between hydroxyethyl starch and succinylated gelatin during posterior spinal orthopaedic surgery for adolescent scoliosis.