背景 全身麻醉药物对未成熟脑的潜在毒性已被大量在体和离体基础研究证实。 目的 总结相关实验研究结果，对全身麻醉药物引起的神经系统结构、功能损伤和可能的长期行为学改变进行综述。 内容 神经细胞凋亡变性、突触结构和功能异常、神经突生长及定向障碍、神经发生异常等均是全身麻醉药物产生神经毒性的机制。除了一过性抑制中枢神经系统功能，全身麻醉药物损伤可进一步引起长期认知功能和行为改变。 趋向 进一步通过基础和临床研究，探讨麻醉药物对神经系统的可能损伤及潜在机制，为临床麻醉药物毒性防治提供可能的靶点。
Background Results of in vivo and in vitro animal studies have raised a significant concern that commonly used general anesthetics may induce neurotoxicity in the developing brain. Objective To make a review of the recent advances in pre-clinical studies that focused on the potential neurotoxicity of general anesthetics. Content Effects of anesthetics on apoptotic neuronal death, synapse formation and function, dendrite elaboration and axon guidance, and neurogenesis were identified as possible mechanisms of anesthetic-induced toxicity in the immature brain, which may cause long-term neurobehavioral deficits. Trend Making further improvement on understanding of general anesthetic induced neurotoxicity may provide potential therapeutic targets for the long-term cognitive deficits.
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