Background Mitochondria is one of the most important organ in myocardial protection,no matter ischemia injury or postconditioning will have influence on nuclear DNA and mitochondria DNA activity,so the corresponding expression of proteins have changed. comparative proteomics provede us with the whole knowledge of the expression differences of myocardial mitochondria proteomics, on this basis,we can explore the upstream molecular mechanisms that cause energy metabolism impairment or the key control means. Objective Research advances of mitochondria comparative proteomics in the field of myocardial protection . Content Provide an overview about ischemia/postconditioning and its mechanisms、the mitochondria mechanisms of myocardial postconditioning 、the research status of mitochondria proteomics and the link with myocardial protection. Trend The comparative proteomics provide new method and thought for myocardial protection.