Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a kind of nerve block that is performed in the posterior abdominal wall. QLB can provide anesthesia and analgesia for surgeries in the abdominal, hip and inguinal regions. QLB has been widely recognized and improved in recent years. This review aims to summarize the research advances in the anatomy of adjacent structures of quadratus lumborum and thoracolumbar fascia(TLF), the clinical application of QLB, the four types of QLB, and the potential complications of QLB.