国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2019, Issue (6): 0-0
    
经皮穴位电刺激复合全身麻醉对颈动脉支架置入术术中用药及术后恢复的影响
张晴, 赵春美, 安立新, 贾春蓉1()
1.张晴
Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with general anesthesia on intraoperative and postoperative recovery in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting
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摘要:

目的 将经皮穴位电刺激(transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, TEAS)复合全身麻醉应用于颈动脉支架置入术(carotid artery stenting, CAS)患者,探讨其对术中用药及术后恢复的影响。 方法 全身麻醉下择期行CAS患者82例,按随机数字表法分为TEAS+全身麻醉组(T组,40例)和单纯全身麻醉对照组(C组,42例)。穴位选择术侧水沟连百会,术侧合谷连外关。T组患者在相应部位贴上电极,连接韩式穴位神经刺激仪后进行TEAS;C组患者在相同部位贴电极并连线,但不进行电刺激。术中维持MAP及心率在基础值±20%。记录患者术中循环变化、血管活性药使用及术后恢复情况。 结果 TEAS 30 min后,T组MAP低于C组(P<0.05),两组术中及术后1 d MAP变化情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。拔管前5 min及拔管后5 min,T组心率均慢于C组(P<0.05),其余时点两组心率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术中多巴胺、阿托品、乌拉地尔使用例数及使用总量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T组患者术中瑞芬太尼使用量少于C组(P<0.05),两组患者术中丙泊酚使用量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后拔管期的呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间, T组均短于C组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后开始进食时间,术后下床自由活动时间,术后6、12、24 h恶心、呕吐的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后出现中等疼痛以上(VAS评分≥4分)的患者,在术后第1天09:00、16:00,T组明显少于C组(P<0.05)。 结论 TEAS复合全身麻醉行CAS可稳定术中血流动力学变化,减少术中镇痛药瑞芬太尼的用量,缩短术后苏醒及拔管时间,降低术后疼痛的发生率,提高患者的术后恢复速度。

关键词: 经皮穴位电刺激; 颈动脉支架置入术; 麻醉,全身; 术后恢复
Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with general anesthesia on intraoperative medication and postoperative recovery in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods Eighty?蛳two patients with CAS under general anesthesia were randomly divided into the transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with general anesthesia group (group T, n=40) and the traditional general anesthesia control group (group C, n=42). The surgical side acupoints of the body for acupuncture were selected as, Shuigou and Baihui, Hegu and Waiguan. For patients in group T, the electrodes were pateched pasted at the corresponding locations and were stimulated by HANS. For the patients in group C, the electrodes were placed at the same location but not stimulated by HANS. The blood pressure and heart rate are maintained within in the (1±20)% range of the baseline. The hemodynamic changes during the operation, the use of vasoactive drugs and the postoperative recovery of the patients were recorded. Results After 30 min of the transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, the blood pressure in the group T was lower than the level of baseline (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups during the operation and one day after surgery (P>0.05). At 5 min before extubation and 5 min after extubation, the heart rate of patients in group T was lower than that of patients in group C (P<0.05). Also, the heart rates at the other time points were not statistically different between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in among the number of cases and total amount of dopamine, atropine and urapidil in the two groups (P>0.05). The amount of remifentanil used in group T was less than that in group C (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in doses of propofol used in the two groups (P>0.05). The time of respiration recovery, wake-up time and extubation time in the group T were less than those in group C (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the time of taking food after operation, the time of off-bed activity, the incidence of nausea and vomiting at 6, 12 h and 24 h after surgery (P>0.05). The numbers of patients with postoperative moderate pain (VAS score more than 4 points above) were analyzed at 9 am and 4 pm at one day after the operation. The incidence of postoperative moderate pain in group T was significantly lower than the incidence in group C (P<0.05). Conclusions TEAS combined with general anesthesia for CAS surgery can stabilize hemodynamics changes, reduce analgesic remifentanil consumption, shorten the wake-up time and extubation time after surgery, reduce the incidence of postoperative pain, and improve the patients′ satisfaction with anesthesia.

Key words: Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation; Carotid artery stenting; Anesthesia, general; Postoperative recovery