This article reviews the risk factors of chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) in preoperative, intraoperative and postperative aspects, including preoperative pain, psychosocial factors, genetic variation, intlaoperative intercostal nerve injury and severe postoperative acute pain. Intercostal nerve injury and severe postoperative acute pain are important factors in the occurrence of CPTP. In addition, this paper also reviews the preventive effects of reducing acute pain after operation and intercostal nerve injury during operation on CPTP. Epidural analgesia may reduce the incidence of CPTP, while the effect of thoracic paravertebral nerve blook on CPTP is still uncertain.