Recent clinical studies report that children with multiple exposure to anesthesia are more likely to suffer from developing neurocognitive impairment, while single exposure to general anesthesia may not affect neurodevelopment. This article review clinical studies concerning repeated exposure to anesthetics on developing brain, which so far have not consistent results. Preclinical evidence indicates neurotoxicity due to repeated exposure to anesthetics, which may be related with neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and inflammatory reactions in the brain. The neurotoxicity of repeated exposure to anesthetics will become one of the hotspot in the research of anesthesia.