The detection of biochemical indicators by exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a new method to reflect the lower respiratory tract lining. It can be used to evaluate the degree of airway inflammation and oxidative stress, also known as biochemical pulmonary function. This review describes the exhaled breath condensate collection device commonly used in the clinic, including large‑scale commercial collection devices (such as R‑Tube, EcoScreen, TURBO‑DECCS and ANACON) and self‑made EBC collection devices, commonly used test indicators for EBC, such as NO and its derivatives, arachidonic acid derivatives, H2O2, cytokines, pH and so on. This review also discussed the sensitivity and accuracy of EBC compared to traditional invasive detection methods and the factors affecting EBC collection. As a non‑invasive evaluation technique for lung function, EBC is expected to be an important part of pulmonary function monitoring because of its non‑invasive and simple advantages. Thus, it provides a new monitoring method for lung function protection during mechanical ventilation.