全身麻醉和睡眠在表型、脑电生理、脑功能影像以及神经网络调节机制等诸多方面均有相似的表现，但其机制尚不清楚。P2X7受体（P2X7 receptor, P2X7R）存在于睡眠觉醒环路某些神经元群体中，并影响睡眠觉醒状态，因此探讨P2X7R在全身麻醉引起意识消失发挥的作用。文章总结了P2X7R在睡眠觉醒环路中所起到的促进作用是通过Panx-ATP-P2X7R-睡眠调节物质（sleep regulatory substances, SRS）通路实现的，为未来研究P2X7R在全身麻醉引起意识消失的机制研究提供了理论基础。
General anesthesia and sleeping share similar manifestations in many aspects, such as phenotype, brain electrophysiology, brain functional imaging and the regulation of neural network, but the mechanism involved is still unclear. P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) exists in some groups of neurons in the sleep‑wake loop and affects sleep‑wake condition. Therefore, the role of P2X7R in unconsciousness under general anesthesia is discussed. The paper summarized that P2X7R's promoting role in the sleep‑wake loop through the Panx‑ATP‑P2X7R‑sleep regulatory substances (SRS) pathway, so as to provide theoretical evidence for future research on the mechanism of unconsciousness under general anesthesia.
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