术后认知功能障碍（postoperative of cognitive dysfunction, POCD）是术后常见的神经系统并发症，严重影响患者生存质量。但目前诊断和防治POCD缺乏行之有效的方法。神经影像学技术作为有效而无创的方法，近年来被广泛应用于认知神经学研究领域。文章介绍了功能磁共振成像（functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI）、正电子发射断层扫描（positron emission tomography, PET）以及PET与CT联合的新兴神经影像学技术在POCD为主的认知方面的应用和在POCD诊疗中的可行性及技术优势，旨在为早期诊断和防治POCD提供可靠的手段。
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological complication after surgery, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. However, currently, there is no effective method for diagnosing and preventing POCD. As an effective and non‑invasive method, neuroimaging technology has been widely used in the field of cognitive neurology research in recent years. The article describes the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and other emerging neuroimaging techniques combined with PET and computer tomography (CT) in POCD‑based cognition. The feasibility and technical advantages of the neuroimaging technique in POCD are discussed. This review aims to provide reliable means for early diagnosis and prevention of POCD.
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