Intestinal flora is an important and regulating organ in the human body. In recent years, the role of intestinal flora in visceral pain has been gradually recognized and widely studied. Intestinal flora has shown obvious potential in further development, treatment， and intervention of visceral pain. Although more basic research has been done, the potential mechanism of intestinal flora involved in visceral pain is still in the exploring stage. This review focuses on the interaction between intestinal flora and visceral pain central mechanism through four aspects, which provides a theoretical basis for further study of the mechanism and provides new targets for the treatment of visceral pain.