Patients with posterior lumbar surgery often face a threat of increased pain, and oral or injection analgesics are difficult to achieve satisfactory results or face serious complications. The analgesic effect of regional anesthesia is exact, the adverse reactions are small, and the cost performance is high. In addition to intraspinal anesthesia, paravertebral nerve block, in recent years, the use of retrolaminar block, multifidus plane block, thoracolumbar interfascial plane and erector spinae plane block in lumbar posterior lumbar surgery have also been reported frequently. However, there is no overall comparison between the analgesic effect, operability and safety of these technologies. This article provides a systematic review of this aspect.