【Abstract】 Background In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics on developing neurons, but the relevant mechanism is still unclear. It has been suggested that mitochondrial dynamic disorder is an early manifestation of apoptosis and may play an important role in the neurotoxicity effect caused by general anesthetics. Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics in neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics on developing neurons. Content Mitochondria are the center of substance metabolism and energy conversion in cells. The toxic effects of general anesthetics on developing neurons may be caused by the changes of mitochondrial structural functions, the induction of oxidative stress, the destruction of respiratory chains or the interference with their fission and fusion. Trend A correct understanding of the effect of general anesthetics on mitochondrial function of developmental neurons is of profound significance to explore the mechanism of neurotoxicity，and provides a new idea for finding possible intervention methods for infant anesthesia.