Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a circulatory crisis associated with stress，which has a similar clinical manifestation to acute myocardial infarction. TCM patients are not rare cases that need anesthesiologists to deal with during the perioperative period. However, at present, there is no comprehensive summary of this syndrome in published articles. This review summarized the causes, pathological mechanism, clinical features, main points of diagnosing , differential diagnosis and essential treatment principles of the perioperative TCM to provide the comprehensive summary as a reference for anesthesiologists to understand and treat this syndrome.