Regurgitation and aspiration have attracted people's attention because of its high morbidity and mortality. However, during the anesthesia induction period, the problem of increased risk of regurgitation and aspiration by pressurized mask ventilation is ignored. At present, the best ventilation mode that can not only ensure the ventilation effect but also avoid gastric insufflation is undefined. This review summarizes the causes and the mechanisms of gastric insufflation, the relationship between ventilation modes during anesthesia induction and gastric insufflation, and the preventive and therapeutic measures that can be taken during the perioperative period.