Objective: To study the roles of insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF-1) on accelerating fracture healing following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Methods: 160 male Sprague-Dawley rats were employed for the establishments of TBI and fracture animal models with Feeney’s method and osteotomy technique, respectively. 120 rats used in observational studies were randomizedly divided into 4 groups using random digital tables as following: Sham group, TBI group (T group), femur fracture group (F group) and TBI with femur fracture group (TF group). Meanwhile, another 40 rats were used for interventional study, grouping into femur fracture + saline group (Fb group), femur fracture + IGF-1 group (Fm group), TBI + femur fracture + DMSO group (TFb group) and TBI + femur fracture + IGF-1 receptor inhibitor group (TFi group). IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor inhibitor or solvents were administered in Fm, TFi, Fb and TFb groups after modeling, once a day for 14 consecutive days. The concentrations of IGF-1 concentration in serum of rats in the observation group were measured at 4, 7, 14 , 21, 28 and 42 days after modeling. Moreover, imageology and histopathology of rats in the observation and intervention groups were used to score or calculate the percentage of osteoblasts. Results: The concentrations of IGF-1 in serum of rats in TF and T groups were remarkably increased at 4, 7, and 14 days after modeling, compared with that of rats in sham and F groups; at 21 and 42 days after modeling, image scores of rats in the TF group was much higher, compared with that of rats in the F group; at 21 day after modeling, the percentages of osteoblasts was higher in rats of the TF group than that of rats in the F group; the all differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). At 21 and 42 days after modeling, image scores of rats in the Fm, TFb, and TFi groups were much higher, as well as the percentages of osteoblasts, compared with that of rats in Fb group, the all differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05) Conclusion: The serum concentrations of IGF-1 of rats in TF and T groups are obviously elevated in the early-phase (in 14 days) after modeling; TBI and local administration of IGF-1 both can accelerate the fracture healing; acceleration of fracture healing after brain trauma combined with fracture is not entirely dependent on IGF-1.