During liver transplantation, severe hemodynamic fluctuation often happens due to preoperative comorbidities and complicated surgical procedures. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a visual tool, which allows for real‑time and continuous monitoring of cardiovascular structures and functions, and is recommended to differentiate etiologies, optimize anesthesia management, assess the function of liver graft and improve patient prognosis. Due to the specificity of liver disease patients, the safety of TEE is still a great concern that limits its wide application, and there is a lack of clinical experience in domestic hospitals. Therefore, based on recent guidelines and clinical studies, this paper focus on the application, indications, contraindications and safety of TEE in liver transplantation, summarizes the key points of risk assessment and screening process, and reviews the common findings and strategies of TEE at each stage of surgery.