脑电图（electroencephalogram, EEG）及EEG相关指标是反映大脑意识状态的重要指标，目前临床主要依赖于BIS进行术中麻醉管理，进一步理解EEG波形的意义有助于更好地开展麻醉管理，预防术后不良事件的发生。文章系统介绍了不同麻醉药物诱发的EEG波性特征，以及EEG特征波形与围手术期神经认知功能障碍（perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction, PND）发生的关系。基于目前EEG相关指标的麻醉管理能否降低PND的发生率尚存在争议，开发更具有指导意义的EEG相关指标对于提高围手术期管理质量具有重要意义。
Electroencephalography (EEG) and EEG‑derived indexes are important indicators of brain consciousness states. At present, a single EEG‑derived index, like bispectral index (BIS) is often the only guidance for anesthetic management. Comprehension of EEG oscillations is beneficial for anesthetic management. This text would help to optimize clinical anesthetic management by giving a precise introduction to EEG oscillations and characteristic features during general anesthesia. A brief history of the development of EEG, specific EEG features induced by distinct anesthetics, the relationship between divergent EEG frequencies and perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND), and current studies concerning anesthetic management guided by EEG or EEG‑derived indexes are introduced in this review. Whether EEG guided, mainly BIS‑guided, anesthetic management would reduce the risk of PND is elusive. The development of more specific EEG‑derived indexes and characteristic EEG patterns with higher predictability is of great significance for future optimal peri‑operative patient management.
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