Pain is considered to be a public health issue that cannot be ignored, which seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients. Its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have shown that Sigma‑1 receptor plays a key role in the development of pain, and has gradually become a potential target for pain treatment. This article reviews the physiological properties of Sigma‑1 receptor, the role of Sigma‑1 receptor in different types of pain, and its relationship with ion channels related to nociceptive sensation, so as to provide new thoughts for pain research and treatment.