During the process of total intravenous anesthesia management, it is always difficult to accurately judge the depth of anesthesia, especially the intensity of intraoperative noxious stimulation in patients under general anesthesia. In recent years, with the deepening of electroencephalogram (EEG) research, a new type of equipment as adopted to monitor the depth of anesthesia by analyzing EEG. The depth of anesthesia monitoring equipment based on the index of consciousness (IoC) is gradually applied in clinical practice. By introducing the basic principle of EEG monitoring technology, this paper briefly introduces various anesthesia monitoring parameters based on EEG [such as bispectral index (BIS), Narcotrend index (NI), auditory evoked potential (AEP), IoC, and so on], compares the advantages of IoC monitoring equipment compared with other anesthesia depth monitoring equipment, describes in detail the application scenarios, advantages and conclusions of IoC monitoring equipment in various studies, and analyzes the factors affecting the accuracy of EEG monitoring.