Common cancers, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, prefer to metastasize to bone at their advanced stage, usually followed by severe chronic pain, which seriously affects the life quality of patients. Tumor microenvironment is formed in bone tissue following the occurrence of bone metastases of cancer, which causes the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts at metastatic site is disrupted and leads to the release of a series of pain‑related molecules and bone cancer pain (BCP). This review provides a detailed introduction and summary of recent studies about the molecular mechanisms of BCP, including the classic molecular mechanisms such as acidification of bone microenvironment, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and neurotrophic proteins, as well as some novel molecular mechanisms. Treatment methods that have been widely used with satisfying efficacy in recent years are also illustrated in this review. By summarizing the current identified molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for BCP, this review aim to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent research and a reference for the establishment and implementation of reasonable treatment plans for patients with BCP.