Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients are often accompanied by cardiopulmonary insufficiency and abnormal airway and are susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. For orthopedical spinal surgery, an anesthetic plan should be formulated according to the anesthesia plan developed for DMD patients with respiratory, heart, airway, malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, other risks, and the characteristics of spinal orthopedic surgery. The clinical data of anesthesia management for spinal orthopedic surgery in a case of DMD complicated with scoliosis were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed. This case provides a reference for perioperative management of DMD patients.