With the rapid development of holographic technology, different realistic systems have been widely used in medicine based on the advanced visualization technology and interactive medical experience. In this paper, the definition, advantages and disadvantages of different virtual reality systems, such as virtual reality (VR) system, augmented reality (AR) system and mixed reality (MR) system were reviewed. Furthermore, the application of different virtual reality systems in anesthesia education and clinical anesthesia were summarized, so as to provide a new approach to achieving comfort, safety and accuracy in the field of anesthesia..