Long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Studies have shown that exposure to sevoflurane may lead to developmental neurotoxicity, and subsequent cognitive dysfunction and long‑term behavioral abnormalities. This may be related to various mechanisms of action that induce neuronal apoptosis and inhibition of neurogenesis, where lncRNA plays a crucial role. In the current review, the classification, structural characteristics and biological functions of lncRNA were summarized, and the latest research progress of lncRNA in sevoflurane induced neurotoxicity was introduced. These findings suggest the potential role of lncRNA as a biomarker of nervous system toxicity and assist further exploration of the possible damage and potential mechanism of sevoflurane to the nervous system, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of clinical anesthetic toxicity.