全身麻醉诱导过程中极易发生低血压，即使持续时间很短的低血压亦可能引起心肌缺血、急性肾损伤、延长住院时间，甚至增加术后1年死亡率等不良后果。近年来，利用不同部位血管超声预测全身麻醉诱导过程中低血压的研究逐渐兴起。文章综述了下腔静脉（inferior vena cava, IVC）、锁骨下静脉（subclavian vein, SCV）、颈动脉及颈内静脉（internal jugular vein, IJV）血管超声在早期识别和预防全身麻醉诱导后低血压（post‑induction hypotension, PIH）方面的研究进展，同时对各种类型血管超声的优缺点进行了横向对比与分析，以期更好地指导麻醉医师对血管超声的使用，改善患者预后。
Hypotension is very easy to occur during induction of general anesthesia. Even short‑term hypotension may cause myocardial ischemia, acute renal injury, prolonged hospitalization stay, and even increase mortality one year after surgery. In recent years, increasing attention has drawn on the use of ultrasound at different parts of the blood vessel to predict hypotension during induction of general anesthesia. This paper summarizes the research progress on early identification and prevention of post‑induction hypotension (PIH) by vascular ultrasound at the inferior vena cava (IVC) vein, subclavian vein (SCV), carotid artery and internal jugular vein (IJV), and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various types of vascular ultrasounds, so as to improve the use of vascular ultrasound by anesthesiologists and patient prognosis.
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