Neuraxial labor analgesia can greatly relieve severe pain during labor, but also cause related problems, such as fever during labor. This paper introduces the high risk factors of intrapartum maternal fever during neuraxial labor analgesia, such as labor analgesia mode, analgesia duration, the types and doses of anesthetics, the methods of epidural drug injection, premature rupture of membranes, the time of vaginal examination, labor prolongation, histological chorioamnionitis, and maternal body mass index. We also reviews the effects of intrapartum fever on puerpera and neonates and related measures, so as to provide theoretical evidence for better prevention and treatment.