Tracheobronchomegaly (TBM) is a rare disease, which is often diagnosed due to lung infection, with abnormal broadening in the diameter of the trachea and (or) bronchial tube by digital radiography (DR) plain film or computer tomography (CT) examination, and can be diagnosed by bronchoscopy. Asymptomatic patients undergoing non‑thoracic surgery usually do not have such a detailed chest examination, which may lead to missed diagnosis in these patients. After general anesthesia, the thickening and softening of the trachea makes it impossible for conventional tracheal tubes to plug effectively, that will increase risk to anesthesia. In the current study, TBM was not founded in the patient's preoperative visit. It was observed that air leakage in routine endotracheal intubation after anesthesia, the depth of endotracheal catheter placement was adjusted for many times, and finally the airway was effectively blocked and mechanically controlled ventilation was carried out smoothly. This case is expected to provide warning and reference for anesthesiologists.