DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的修饰方式之一，在基因表达调控和细胞分化过程中发挥重要作用。肺是脓毒症时最容易受损害的器官，脓毒症急性肺损伤（acute lung injury, ALI）严重威胁患者生命安全，其机制尚不完全明确。目前已对DNA甲基化在肺损伤发病过程中的作用进行了大量研究，文章在简要介绍DNA甲基化原理和脓毒症ALI机制的基础上，就DNA甲基化与脓毒症ALI时的炎症反应、肺血管屏障破坏、免疫紊乱的关系以及DNA甲基化转移酶抑制剂对脓毒症ALI治疗效果的研究进行综述，以期对脓毒症ALI的发病机制及防治研究起到一定的启示作用。
DNA methylation is one of the modification methods of epigenetics and plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. The lungs are the most vulnerable organ in sepsis. Sepsis‑associated acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious threat to the life of patients with sepsis, and its mechanism is not completely clear. At present, a large number of studies have been conducted to investigate the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of lung injury. The current review first briefly introduced the principle of DNA methylation and the mechanism of sepsis‑associated ALI. Then, the relationships between DNA methylation and inflammatory reaction, pulmonary vascular barrier destruction and immune disorder in sepsis‑associated ALI, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors on the treatment of sepsis‑associated ALI were summarized. These analyses will provide implications for the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of sepsis‑associated ALI.
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