Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is one of the major medical problems facing society, often with an adverse impact on a patient's quality of life after surgery. Although multimodal analgesia has been implemented in the perioperative period, some patients inevitably transit from acute to chronic pain (APSP). Individual differences among patients may be involved in the occurrence and development of CPSP. This review summarizes the risk factors that may cause postoperative CPSP from possible influence factors, including demographic characteristics such as age, gender, obesity, and smoking; the possible perioperative variables such as preoperative CPSP, quantitative sensory testing, type or modality of surgery, APSP, postoperative radiation therapy, and chemotherapy; psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and expected pain; and genetic factors, mainly referring to gene polymorphisms. Identifying these risk factors early can help identify high‑risk patients and actively implement individual analgesic administration.