Myocardial injury after non‑cardiac surgery (MINS) is associated with an increased risk of death and major vascular complications at 30 days and up to 2 years after non‑cardiac surgery due to myocardial ischemia, which is the leading cause of perioperative death in patients over 45 years hospitalized for noncardiac surgery. This paper reviewed available international guidelines and landmark clinical studies and discussed the definition, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of MINS, to provide reference for the prevention and management of MINS in clinical practice.