Intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a common complication in clinically critically ill patients. The results of these studies have shown that during IIRI, the intestinal mucosal barrier is damaged and bacterial translocation leads to the production and release of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors into the circulatory system, which can cause systemic inflammation and dysfunction of distant organs such as lungs, liver, and kidneys. The article illustrates the mechanism of extra‑intestinal organ damage caused by intestinal ischemia reperfusion and provides ideas for further investigation of the mechanism of multiple organ damage caused by intestinal ischemia reperfusion and the search for a multi‑organ protection strategy with targeted intervention.