Postoperative fatigue syndrome (POFS) is a common complication after medium and large surgical operations, which may be related to surgical trauma, postoperative pain, sleep quality, nutritional support and mental state, and is one of the important reasons hindering postoperative rehabilitation of patients. With the popularization of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery in the perioperative period, POFS has attracted more and more attention. Through literature review, this article reviews and analyzes the incidence, evaluation methods, possible pathogenesis and prevention measures of POFS, and the aim is to provide reference for clinical promotion of rapid recovery after surgery.