Rebound pain (RP) is a severe pain that occurs when the effect of peripheral nerve block (PNB) fades away. RP may increase the usage of opioids and reduce the overall satisfaction of patients to anesthesia. Our study reviews the epidemiology, definition and characteristics, pathogenesis, risk factors, prevention and control strategies and treatment methods of RP, in order to attract more attention of clinical physicians to RP after PNB.