Cancer is still a difficult medical problem for the world to overcome, and surgery is currently the main treatment for most cancers. Cancer patients undergoing surgery are always accompanied by a variety of comorbidity emotions, and one of the most obvious adverse emotions is anxiety. In recent years, studies have shown that perioperative anxiety in cancer patients often affects patient prognosis. In this paper, we mainly review the epidemiology of perioperative anxiety, the mechanism of occurrence, the impact of anxiety on the prognosis of cancer surgery patients and preventive and curative measures, in order to focus on the problem of comorbidity emotions as an entry point to provide new breakthroughs for promoting the postoperative rehabilitation of cancer surgery patients.