肠缺血再灌注（ischemia reperfusion, I/R）是临床重症患者常见的病理损伤，肠I/R对患者的全身病理状态影响远大于原发性肠道损伤。近年来，越来越多的证据表明肠道菌群及其代谢产物在肠I/R的发生、发展、诊断和治疗中发挥重要作用。肠道菌群的代谢和免疫潜能决定了其在宿主健康和疾病中的重要意义。文章重点评述了肠道菌群及其代谢产物在肠I/R及其引起的肠外器官损伤中的作用，并总结目前靶向调控肠道菌群以治疗肠I/R及其肠外器官损伤的方法和最新进展，进一步探讨其潜在的应用前景以及相关风险。
Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is a common pathological injury in critically ill patients, which can result in greater impact on systematic pathological conditions than primary intestinal injury. Recent scientific evidence has increasingly highlighted the crucial role of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in the initiation, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of intestinal I/R injury. The metabolic and immunological profile of the intestinal microbiota determines its consequential significance in host health and diseases. The current review summarizes the role of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites on intestinal I/R and the consequent extra‑intestinal organ damage. Meanwhile, current methods and recent advancements in the targeted regulation of the intestinal microbiota for the treatment of intestinal I/R and its extra‑intestinal organ damage are summarized. Moreover, potential application prospects and associated risks are further discussed.
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