Peroxiredoxin II, a cytosolic isoform of the antioxidant enzyme family, has been implicated in cancer-associated cell death and apoptosis, but its functional role in the heart remains to be elucidated. According to the research before, the elevated expression of peroxiredoxin II can protect mouse hearts from ischemia-reperfusion greatly. It is of great importance to delineate the functional significance of peroxiredoxin II expression in hearts cell death and apoptosis which is induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Moreover, the manufacture of new drugs aimed at peroxiredoxin II will provide novel methods for improving the therapy of ischemia-reperfusion injury; peroxiredoxin II may be a unique antioxidant in the cardiac system and may represent a potential target for cardiac protection from oxidative stress-induced injury. We would like give a review about the latest advance of peroxiredoxin II。