国际麻醉学与复苏杂志   2010, Issue (6): 3-3
    
预充回流试验法预防硬膜外局麻药毒性反应与提高阻滞成功率的临床研究
龚玉华, 石海霞, 吴洁, 韩志强, 陈冬梅, 胡雅娟, 武丽芳, 辛学东1()
1.内蒙古医学院附属医院
Epidural space suffusion liquid reflow prevent epidural anesthesia toxic reflection and increase the effectivity of epidural anesthesia
 全文:
摘要:

目的:观察探讨预充回流试验法用于预防硬膜外局麻药毒性反应与提高硬膜外阻滞成功率的可行性。方法:择期硬膜外麻醉手术患者2000例,所有患者均左侧卧位,采用直入法穿刺进针,以气泡压缩法确认进入硬膜外腔后,硬膜外腔内留置导管5cm,导管末端连接装有盐水的玻璃注射器。对照1ml/2s的推注力度,测试导管阻力,同时硬膜外腔内导管退至3cm。回抽玻璃注射器无脑脊液或血液,即硬膜外腔预充注入生理盐水3ml,观察1分钟玻璃注射器内有回流液: 有为(1),无为(2)。观察回流液性状(-清;+微红;++显红;+++深红;++++血性)5min,回流液性状为(+++)以下,给予试验量、维持量完成手术。观察记录麻醉全程回流液性状,麻醉效果和并发症发生情况。 结果:预充回流液与麻醉效果存在相关关系。1例患者手术开始42分钟发现回流液为血液,停止硬膜外注药,有效避免了局麻药毒性反应。所有患者均未出现神经、脊髓损伤,有1例患者术毕回流液为血液。结论:预充回流试验法可作为硬膜外麻醉成功的可靠指征,有效避免局麻药毒性反应,及时监测、处理硬膜外目的:观察探讨预充回流试验法用于预防硬膜外局麻药毒性反应与提高硬膜外阻滞成功率的可行性。方法:择期硬膜外麻醉手术患者2000例,所有患者均左侧卧位,采用直入法穿刺进针,以气泡压缩法确认进入硬膜外腔后,硬膜外腔内留置导管5cm,导管末端连接装有盐水的玻璃注射器。对照1ml/2s的推注力度,测试导管阻力,同时硬膜外腔内导管退至3cm。回抽玻璃注射器无脑脊液或血液,即硬膜外腔预充注入生理盐水3ml,观察1分钟玻璃注射器内回流液: 有为(1),无为(2)。观察回流液性状(-清;+微红;++显红;+++深红;++++血性)5min,回流液性状为(+++)以下,给予试验量、维持量完成手术。观察记录麻醉全程回流液性状,麻醉效果和并发症发生情况。 结果:预充回流液与麻醉效果存在相关关系。1例患者手术开始42分钟发现回流液为血液,停止硬膜外注药,有效避免了局麻药毒性反应。所有患者均未出现神经、脊髓损伤,有1例患者术毕回流液为血液。结论:预充回流试验法可作为硬膜外麻醉成功的可靠指征,有效避免局麻药毒性反应,及时监测、处理硬膜外血肿的发生。

关键词: 硬膜外腔;液相,回流; 毒性反应,局麻药;监测
Abstract:

Objective To observe and approach the correlation of suffering liquid reflow in epidural space and the anesthesia effect, According the character of liquid reflow, decides whether to inject local anesthesia drug, which could avoid the toxic reflection. Methods selective epidural anesthesia 2000 patients ( ASAⅠ~Ⅲ, age, sex, weight , which were not limited )were enrolled. All patients were on left recumbent position, and were punctured by normal beam testing. no bubble compress,which affirmed to enter into epidural space. Insert the epidural tube to 20cm, then draw back the puncture, detain the epidural tube 3cm in epidural space. Draw 3ml saline with syringe, and connected it into the end of the tube. Observed whether there was liquid reflow: yes(1), no(2). Meantime observe the character of reflow liquid 5minutes (-clear, +week red, ++obviously red, +++deep red, ++++ redness) .If the character was beyond (++), injected the different concentration normal dose to complete the surgery. Continously observe the characters of liquid reflow, anesthesia effect and complications. Results The suffering reflow liquid has correlation with anesthesia effect. One patient’s reflow liquid was found blood, stopped injecting the drug into epidural space, and avoided the toxic reflection. All patients had no nerve or spinal cord complications. One patient’s reflow liquid was blood post operation. Conclusion Epidural liquid reflow, which can be epidural anesthesia success index, effectively avoid toxic reflection, monitor and cope with the epidural hematoma immediately.

Key words: Epidural space; liquid, reflow; toxic reflection, local drug; monitor