Ischemia/reperfusion（I/R）injury is a complex, multi-factorial, and antigen-independent inflammatory response. It may result in organ dysfunction in the early and long-term phase, and sometimes be life-threatening. It is also a significant clinical problem interfering the development of the organ transplantation. In traditional theory, the innate immunity such as macrophage and neutrophil play the main role in organ ischemia/reperfusion injury. However in recent experiments investigators found that the adaptive immunity also plays a significant role in organ ischemia/reperfusion injury, especially the T lymphocyte. The T lymphocyte infiltrated into the organ at 1h after reperfusion, and induced the ischemia/reperfusion injury by the secretion of cytokine and by regulating the infiltration of other inflammatory cell.